Nursing Conceptual Models and Borrowed Theories

1). Choose one of the conceptual models in your assigned reading in your Alligood text and answer the following questions:

a. Name of the conceptual model;

b. Core concepts of the model;

c. Describe a nursing situation in which the model could be applied; and

d. Describe how you would apply your chosen model to the nursing situation to facilitate a process improvement.
2). Choose a borrowed theory from either your Polit and Beck text or the literature which could be applied to a nursing research article.

Answer the following items:

a. Name the theory and the non-nursing discipline from which it comes;

b. Identify 3-4 of the core concepts of the theory; and

c. Explain why this theory might be a good fit from which to develop a nursing research study.
3). Your assigned readings this week introduce you to the ways of knowing in nursing written by Barbara Carper. This is a seminal work in nursing.

Answer the following items:

a. List the 4 patterns of knowing according to Barbara Carper;

b. Provide an example from your practice for each of the 4 patterns; and

c. What are your thoughts about the pertinence of these patterns in nursing today?
4). There are multiple learning theories as you read in the Zhou & Brown chapter.

Answer the following items:

a. Choose and identify the name of one of the learning theories from the assigned reading of Zhou & Brown and

b. Develop a step-by-step program to decrease the frequency of medical mistakes in a healthcare practice setting. Cite the principles or key concepts from your chosen learning theory that back each step of the program you develop.

Please follow all instructions and answer all questions.

SOLUTION

Nursing Conceptual Models and Borrowed Theories

1. Neuman’s systems model. The core concepts of this model are that; health is likened with wellness, and health or wellness are referred to as the state where all elements and sub-elements where variables are in accord. A person is a whole person as a client scheme, and the human being is covered multi-dimensional person (Alligood, 2017). This model can be applied to assess the patient’s needs. When the Physiological, mental, Socio-cultural, Developmental, and Spiritual desires of patients are valued, that can help determine the best intervention for the patient.

2. Jean Piaget’s human development theory is mostly used in the education field. One of the core concepts of this theory is that a child plays a dynamic task in aptitude growth, and he learns by doing. Secondly, a child is a theorist who perceives humanity only as he has experienced it. Thirdly, he regarded reasoning as the essence of intelligence (Barrouillet, 2015). This theory can be used to research on human development for the nursing children in grown rigorous therapy unit to understand the developmental psychology and plan the right stimulation level.

3. The four patterns of knowing are
• Empirical
• Esthetics
• Personal knowledge
• Ethics
(Terry, Carr & Curzio, 2017)
Empirical – I gather intelligence by this means by researching what scholars conclude after research.
Esthetics – I gather knowledge by asking the patients questions to understand more of their needs as unique individuals.
Personal – I imagine myself in the patient’s position. I derive knowledge from empathy and self-understanding.
Ethical- I derive this knowledge from being aware of what is right and wrong, as well as moral questions and choices.
With the growing diversity in health care, all these patterns are fundamental in understanding the right interventions for a particular situation.

4. Social, cultural theory
This theory implies that relations lead to nonstop step by step modifications in the thoughts and behaviors of children and can highly vary from culture to culture. Essentially this theory suggests that development is based on interaction with tools and people which the culture offers to aid in forming their view. The approach can be applied to the learning where language materials in cultural competency class are taught in cultural-social context are not far from the cultural and social issues (Zhou & Brown 2015).

Steps to Decrease Medical Errors
a) Ensure the staff got enough rest- the theory says that there are three ways that an educational tool can be passed from one person to another. One of those ways is through the use of instructions to self-regulating. When health care providers are tired, it can be difficult to self regulate.
b) Avoid negative distractions’ – the theory states that there is a significant relationship between the social world and cognitive development. Therefore the health care providers need to be allowed to interact with the patients positively when giving the care to avoid errors.
c) Emphasize on the essence of teamwork- educational tools are also passed to others through collaborative learning according to this theory.

References
Alligood, M. R. (2017). Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Barrouillet, P. (2015). Theories of cognitive development: From Piaget to today.
Terry, L., Carr, G., & Curzio, J. (2017). Expert Nurses’ Perceptions of the Relevance of Carper’s Patterns of Knowing to Junior Nurses. Advances in Nursing Science, 40(1), 85-102.
Zhou, M., & Brown, D. (2015). Educational learning theories.

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