Topic 8 -Respond to classmate-Discussion question 1 – Define how translational research plays a role in influencing policy

QUESTION- DQ 1- Define how translational research plays a role in influencing policy? Provide an example of a local health care policy that has been recently enacted and or is awaiting legislative passage that has been influenced by research.

Classmate Response (1): Topic 8 DQ 1-Karla

Public policies can be impacted by basic and clinical research findings and vice versa. (Mirvis, 2009). The original emphasis on supporting “bench to bedside” translation ( Mirvis, 2009), plays a role in influencing health policies. If the evidence is effective and improves the population’s health, then policies and regulations are developed. Informing public policy is a critical and powerful way of improving the health of individuals and of populations. (Mirvis,2009).

Vapes, vaporizers, vape pens, hookah pens, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or e-cigs), and e-pipes are some of the many terms used to describe electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). ENDS are defined as noncombustible tobacco products. Because flavors are more attractive to young people than to adults, a flavor ban could reduce the appeal of e-cigarettes for young people. Scientific evidence shows that youth are especially attracted to flavored e-cigarettes, such as gummy bears, mango, and cotton candy. According to data from the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), nearly all (97%) current youth e-cigarette users use flavored e-cigarettes. (AARC, 2020). Studies also show an increased use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in all populations, including minorities, and is harmful to both the users and those exposed to the vapor. Some evidence shows that exposure to the exhaled vapor has deleterious health effects on non-ENDS users, such as children, and prenatal exposure to nicotine can result in developmental abnormalities and increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (APHA, 2018). Studies also show ENDS aerosols contain nicotine and probable carcinogens and the flavoring chemical agent diacetyl, causes “popcorn lung”, which is a severe respiratory disease (APHA, 2018). To protect the population’s health, especially the vulnerable population, APHA addressed these concerns and supports the regulations of ENDS, and urges federal, state, and local actions to take place. HR 2339, the Protecting American Lungs and Reversing the Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act of 2020 bans the majority of flavored tobacco and vaping products, including mint and menthol, and imposes a tax on the nicotine in e-cigarettes. It also calls for the Food and Drug Administration to regulate vaping devices and liquids in the same manner the agency regulates cigarettes and other tobacco products. In fall 2020, FDA and CDC released findings from the 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey showing that 1.8 million fewer U.S. youth are currently using e-cigarettes compared to last year. However, youth e-cigarette use has increased dramatically since 2011, and 3.6 million youth still currently use e-cigarettes( FDA, 2020).

References:

Mirvis D. M. (2009). From research to public policy: an essential extension of the translation research agenda. Clinical and translational science, 2(5), 379–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-8062.2009.00144.x

American Association for Respiratory Care. (2020) Ban on E cigarettes.https://www.aarc.org/advocacy/federal-policies-affecting-rts/ban-on-flavored-e-cigarettes/

American Public Health Association. (2018). Supporting regulation of electronic nicotine delivery systems. https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policystatements/policy-database/2019/01/28/supporting-regulation-of-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems

US Food and Drug Administration (2020). Vaporizer, E cigartettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/vaporizers-e-cigarettes-and-other-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-ends

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Solution

QUESTION- DQ 1- Define how translational research plays a role in influencing policy? Provide an example of a local health care policy that has been recently enacted and or is awaiting legislative passage that has been influenced by research.

Translation research can influence policy in numerous ways. research provides evidence-based information that is crucial in designing and developing policies to ensure that they achieve the desired goal. Electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDs) are powered gadgets that deliver vaporized nicotine. They use an e-liquid that comprises nicotine, propylene glycol, flavors, vegetable glycerin among other ingredients. The use of ENDs has increased among all age groups including middle and high school students. Approximately 3.6 million users of ENDS were students and 8 out of 10 youth users preferred flavored ENDS. The appealing flavors of ENDS were found to be a primary reason why 81% of the youths used ENDs. Increased use of ENDs is harmful to users and those exposed to secondhand smoke, (Food and Drug Administration, 2021).  The main health concern associated with ENDs is the metals including chromium and lead and carbonyls such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde which can result in serious conditions that affect respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Some of the ingredients used are also carcinogenic and may pose the risk of developing cancer among the patients. exposure to liquid nicotine is also a public health hazard and a risk for infants and young children. Approximately 8269 children below 6 years were exposed to liquid nicotine between 2012 and 2017, (American Public Health Association, 2021).  To protect the public especially those exposed to secondhand smoke from the health threats several regulations have been put in place including prohibiting the use of other flavors on tobacco products, prohibiting online retail of tobacco products including ENDS, and increased penalties on violation of restrictions on ENDS, (Congress.Gov, 2021).

References

American Public Health Association, (2021) Supporting Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Retrieved from: https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2019/01/28/supporting-regulation-of-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems

Congress.Gov, (2021) H.R.2339 – Protecting American Lungs and Reversing the Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act of 2020 Retrieved from: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2339

Food and Drug Administration, (2021) Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Retrieved from: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/vaporizers-e-cigarettes-and-other-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-ends